Development and factors associated with cataract in individuals with type 2 diabetic mellitus
Dr. Subhash Ganpatrao Kabade and Dr. V Umamaheswar
Background and Objectives: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its consequences is skyrocketing in India. Diabetics are two to five times more likely to develop cataracts, and they do so at an earlier age. Cataract and its subtype’s prevalence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and related risk factors are the objectives of this study.
Materials and Methods: 650 people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who were getting care at the Sambhram Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Kolar, Karnataka, India, from January to December 2017 were part of the study. The study looked at all people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who were at least 40 years old, which is what the World Health Organisation says is required. Each patient gave a full medical history that included information about their eye history, diabetes, and general information about themselves. After a full review of the whole body, a thorough check of the eyes was done.
Results: Out of the 650 people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who took part in our study, 492 were found to have cataracts and 258 were not. There were 250 women and 242 men in total. Around 66% of people who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes eventually got cataracts. A total of 383 people had been diagnosed with diabetes for a long time, but only 109 new cases were recently found. Cataracts were more common in people who were taking oral hypoglycemia agents. There was no link between having cataracts and the job that someone had. There was a statistically significant link between having a family history of diabetes and getting cataracts. 70.52% of the patients had cataracts that were a mix of different types, while only 29.48% had cataracts that were one type. The most common type of cataracts was a mix of nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. 68.28% of people who had a monotype cataract also had a cortex cataract.
Conclusion: If these factors are changed in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it might take longer for cataracts to form. Determining the reason of diabetes and fixing it through surgery would be a key step towards lowering the economic costs of the disease, especially for people who are working age.
